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Tekuté potery na báze síranu vápenatého, tzv. anhydritové potery
poter | 31.03.2013 | Martin Černek
Tekuté potery na báze síranu vápenatého, tzv. anhydritové potery
Časté reklamácie a požiadavky na poradenstvo pri kladení podlahovín na anhydritové
potery hovoria veľa o obchodných praktikách mnohých predajcov týchto poterov.
Do povedomia investorov, projektantov, či samotných realizátorov sa dostávajú
mylné informácie, týkajúce sa najmä uľahčenia pracovných postupov a tým samozrejme
aj nižšej ceny. Argument, že položením anhydritového poteru je podklad pripravený
na kladenie podlahových krytín, je veľmi častý a aj v odbornej verejnosti tolerovaný.
Pri dnešnom tlaku na ceny podlahárskych prác samozrejme toto tvrdenie vyhovuje
najmä investorom, no podlahárov, ktorí dnes pracujú väčšinou hlboko pod reálne
ceny, stavia pred dilemu: robiť a ísť do existenčného rizika, alebo sa zákazky
vzdať.
Pritom potery na kalciumsulfátovej báze majú veľa pozitívnych vlastností -
lepšia a rýchlejšia aplikácia, spracovateľnosť, vyzrievanie bez dodatočného
pnutia a pri podlahovom vykurovaní rýchlejšie odovzdávanie tepla.
Na druhej strane, keďže sa jedná o poter na báze sadry, je veľmi citlivý na
vlhkosť, nie je teda možné ho klásť do vlhkých prevádzok (kúpeľne, kuchyne
a pod.), pri kladení aj vyzrievaní je náročnejší na vonkajšie podmienky.
Je preto treba vedieť niekoľko podstatných informácií o aplikácií, ktorých
nedodržanie môže znehodnotiť celé dielo. Pred samotnou realizáciou anhydritového
poteru je jednoznačne nutné podrobne si preštudovať technologické predpisy
výrobcu, ktoré vo väčšine prípadov jasne definujú podmienky kladenia anhydritového
poteru a často doslova protirečia všeobecnej „odbornej“ mienke.
Podľa technologického predpisu pre kladenie anhydritového poteru od firmy Baumit,
dokonca pri lepení podlahových krytín, s výnimkou dlažby, zodpovedá za úpravu
podkladu dodávateľ lepiaceho materiálu!
Pri príprave povrchov tekutých poterov na ďalšie kladenie ide v princípe o tri pracovné operácie, ktoré je vo väčšine prípadov nutné po aplikácii anhydritového poteru vykonať: prebrúsenie, penetrovanie, stierkovanie. Môžu vzniknúť ekonomické a termínové námietky proti týmto operáciám, ktoré však nemôžu poprieť technicky vecný stav.
1. Prebrúsenie
Pri vyzrievaní poteru sa vytvára na povrchu múčnatá vápenatá alebo pretvrdená sintrová vrstva, ktorú je vždy nutné čo najskôr (podľa pokynov výrobcu) prebrúsiť vhodnou brúskou s brúsnym papierom zrnitosti 16, príp. 24 a následne vysať priemyselným vysávačom. V opačnom prípade povrch poteru zatvrdne do takej miery, že na odstránenie pretvrdenej vrstvy je nutné použiť frézovanie, prípadne otryskávanie.
Brúsenie by sa malo realizovať v podstate dvakrát:
- Základné brúsenie, prevádzané realizátorom poteru - kvôli urýchleniu schnutia poteru a kvôli odstráneniu vrstvičky vápnika, alebo sintru treba poter čo najrýchlejšie prebrúsiť (hneď ako povrch zaschne a nezanáša brusivo, nie je mazľavý)
- Druhé „čistiace“ brúsenie, prevádzané podlahárom ako príprava pred nanášaním penetrácie a stierkovacej hmoty.
2. Penetrovanie
Hlavné funkcie penetrácie:
- redukcia nerovnomernej savosti podkladu – je typická u anhydritových poterov, pri prekrývaní nerovností podkladu (potrubia, kanáliky a pod.) rôznou hrúbkou poteru dochádza k jeho nepravidelnému vyzrievaniu, čo môže mať pri kladení podlahovín za následok ich lokálne poruchy
- ochrana podkladu pred vlhkosťou
- viazanie prachu
- funkcia prídržného mostíka
- spevnenie podkladu
3. Stierkovanie
Stierkovanie má za funkciu vytvoriť rovnomerne nasiakavú, hladkú
a pevnú vrstvu, ktorá zaručí správne a bezpečné prilepenie podlahoviny lepidlami,
neobsahujúcimi
rozpúšťadlá. Vyrovnanie podkladu je len podružnou funkciou. Priame lepenie
na napenetrovaný podklad je možné len vtedy, ak sú dodržané všetky parametre,
predpísané výrobcom podlahoviny.
Pohľad investora na vyššie popísané operácie:
Sú to náklady navyše, hlavne v závere stavby, keď sa podlahy realizujú je už väčšinou rozpočet úplne alebo takmer vyčerpaný. Preto sa ešte vo fáze vykonávacích projektov škrtajú položky, ktoré „nie sú potrebné“.
Pohľad podlahára na tieto operácie:
Použitím známej penetrácie a stierkovacej hmoty si podlahár vytvorí vlastnú, rovnomernú „deliacu“ rovinu (tj. jasne definované miesto, kde začína jeho práca) a stane sa tak pri svojej práci nezávislý na náhodilých a pre neho obtiažne odhadnuteľných vlastnostiach povrchu tekutého poteru.
Záverom zhrnutie všetkých informácií na základe mnohoročných skúseností podlahárov:
Anhydritový poter je potrebné VŽDY PREBRÚSIŤ, PENETROVAŤ AJ STIERKOVAŤ!!!
V rámci záruky sú výrobcovia podlahových materiálov povinní odporúčať záväzne
len také skladby podlahových konštrukcií, ktoré považujú za úplne bezpečné!
Tieto sú stále len doporučením, t. j. nie sú záväzné. Kto si ale nárokuje
od výrobcu, aby mu dal za tieto doporučenia záruky, musí ich vo vlastnom
záujme dodržiavať!!!
Preto nie je vhodné, aby sa výrobcovia tekutých poterov pokúšali zatraktívniť
svoje ponuky argumentmi, keď označujú dôležité systémové komponenty dodávateľov
materiálov, potrebných pre kladenie podlahových krytín, za zbytočné!!!
Keďže v posledných rokoch je táto téma mimoriadne frekventovaná, zaradili sme ju ako prvú do nášho diskusného bloku. Boli by sme radi, keby ste sa k nej vyjadrili a pridali svoje praktické skúsenosti.
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